Changing places

1. What are endogenous factors?

1. External relationships with other places
2. Characteristics within the place, such as land use and demographics
3. Global flows only
4. Media representations

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B: Characteristics within the place, such as land use and demographics. Exogenous factors involve links to other places.

2. What is a sense of place?

1. The exact map coordinates
2. The feelings and meanings people attach to a place
3. The size of a settlement
4. The number of residents

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B: The feelings and meanings people attach to a place. It differs between individuals and groups.

3. What distinguishes an insider perspective?

1. It comes from a tourist
2. It comes from those who live in or belong to the place
3. It uses only statistics
4. It is always negative

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B: It comes from those who live in or belong to the place. Insiders and outsiders often perceive the same place differently.

4. Which is an informal representation of place?

1. Census data
2. Film, art and social media images
3. Government statistics
4. Land registry records

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B: Film, art and social media images. Informal media shape perceptions powerfully.

5. Which is an exogenous factor shaping a place?

1. Local topography
2. Flows of people, money and ideas from elsewhere
3. Local building materials
4. Soil type

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B: Flows of people, money and ideas from elsewhere. External connections influence how places develop.

6. What is an exogenous factor affecting a place?

1. Its local topography
2. Flows of people, money and ideas connecting it to other places
3. Its historic buildings
4. Its population size alone

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B: Flows of people, money and ideas connecting it to other places. Endogenous factors, by contrast, are internal characteristics.

7. A council uses census data to call a district deprived, but a local film shows it as vibrant and close-knit. What is the best explanation for the difference?

1. Each representation is selective and emphasises different aspects of the place
2. The census data must be wrong because films are always accurate
3. Films can only represent places that are not deprived
4. Census data only records the views of outsiders

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A: Each representation is selective and emphasises different aspects of the place. All representations are selective. Statistics show measurable conditions, while films capture feelings and community life. Neither is complete, so they can present very different images of the same place.

8. A tourism poster for a Cornish fishing village shows sunsets and a busy harbour but not unemployment or empty winter homes. What is the main limitation of this representation?

1. It is selective and promotional, so it gives a one-sided image
2. It uses quantitative data that is out of date
3. It reflects only the views of long-term residents
4. It is formal, so it is always unbiased

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A: It is selective and promotional, so it gives a one-sided image. Marketing material is designed to attract visitors and so leaves out negative aspects. This makes it an unreliable guide to the everyday reality of the place.

9. Census data shows 3,200 of a district's 8,000 residents are aged over 65. What percentage of residents is this?

1. 25%
2. 32%
3. 40%
4. 64%

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C: 40%. Percentage = part ÷ whole × 100 = 3,200 ÷ 8,000 × 100 = 40%.

10. Between 2001 and 2021 a coastal town's flows shifted from fish exports to tourist visits and retirement migration. What does this best show about places?

1. Only statistics can show change in places
2. Places change over time as their flows and connections shift
3. Only endogenous factors affect places
4. Places keep a fixed character

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B: Places change over time as their flows and connections shift. Changing flows of goods, people and money alter a place's economy, demographics and character over time. Places are therefore dynamic, not fixed.